Neurol. praxi. 2024;25(5):400-404 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2023.044

Stereotypies

MUDr. Kristýna Dolečková, prof. MUDr. Jan Roth, CSc.
Neurologická klinika a Centrum klinických neurověd, 1. lékařská fakulta, Univerzita Karlova a Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze

Stereotypies are repetitive, rhythmic, seemingly purposeless movement patterns. Primary stereotypies are typically described in healthy children with normal development, stereotypies with a trigger in adulthood are significantly rarer. The prevalence of primary stereotypies is reported between 3 and 8 %. Secondary stereotypies appear either as a result of sensory deprivation, social isolation or as part of broader syndroms in many, especially neurodevelopmental diseases, in psychiatric diseases or drug-induced syndromes. In the genesis of stereotypies, both neurobiological mechanisms, including genetic disposition, and the effects of the external environment and social interactions are considered. The basic therapeutic procedure are education and behavioral therapy, unfortunately there are no randomized, double-blind studies for pharmacological procedures.

Keywords: primary stereotypies, secondary stereotypies, complex motor tics, dopamine, sensory deprivation, social isolation.

Received: April 19, 2023; Revised: June 13, 2023; Accepted: June 14, 2023; Prepublished online: June 14, 2023; Published: November 19, 2024  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Dolečková K, Roth J. Stereotypies. Neurol. praxi. 2024;25(5):400-404. doi: 10.36290/neu.2023.044.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • PDF will be unlocked 19.11.2025

    References

    1. Aliane V, Pérez S, Bohren Y, et al. Key role of striatal cholinergic interneurons in processes leading to arrest of motor stereotypies. Brain. 2011;134(Pt 1):110-8. doi: 10.1093/brain/awq285. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Beckett C, Bredenkamp D, Castle J, et al. English and Romanian Adoptees (ERA) Study Team. Behavior patterns associated with institutional deprivation: a study of children adopted from Romania. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2002;23(5):297-303. doi: 10.1097/00004703-200210000-00001. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Bos KJ, Zeanah CH, Smyke AT, et al. Stereotypies in children with a history of early institutional care. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(5):406-11. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010. 47. Go to original source...
    4. Canales JJ, Graybiel AM. A measure of striatal function predicts motor stereotypy. Nat Neurosci. 2000;3(4):377-83. doi: 10.1038/73949. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Edwards MJ, Lang AE, Bhatia KP. Stereotypies: a critical appraisal and suggestion of a clinically useful definition. Mov Disord. 2012;27(2):179-85. doi: 10.1002/mds.23994. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Gao S, Singer HS. Complex motor stereotypies: An evolving neurobiological concept. Future Neurology. 2013;8 (3):273 - 285. doi: 10.2217/fnl.13. 4. Go to original source...
    7. Goldman S, O'Brien LM, Filipek PA et al. Motor stereotypies and volumetric brain alterations in children with Autistic Disorder. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2013;7(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.rasd.2012. 07. 005. Go to original source...
    8. Harris KM, Mahone EM, Singer HS. Nonautistic motor stereotypies: clinical features and longitudinal follow­‑up. Pediatr Neurol. 2008;38(4):267-72. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007. 12. 008. Go to original source...
    9. Harris AD, Singer HS, Horska A et al. GABA and Glutamate in Children with Primary Complex Motor Stereotypies: An 1H­‑MRS Study at 7 T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016;37(3):552-7. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4547. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Hoksbergen R, ter Laak J, Rijk K, et al. Post­‑Institutional Autistic Syndrome in Romanian adoptees. J Autism Dev Disord. 2005;35(5):615-23. doi: 10.1007/s10803-005-0005-x. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Hutt C, Hutt SJ. Effects of environmental complexity on stereotyped behaviours of children. Anim. Behav. 1965;13(1): 1-4. doi: 10.1016/0003-3472(65)90064-3. Go to original source...
    12. Jankovic J. Leg stereotypy disorder. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87(2):220-1. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-310816. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Jesner OS, Aref­‑Adib M, Coren E. Risperidone for autism spectrum disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;24(1):CD005040. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005040.pub2. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Lutz CK. Stereotypic behavior in nonhuman primates as a model for the human condition. ILAR J. 2014;55(2):284-96. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilu016. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. MacDonald R, Green G, Mansfield R, et al. Stereotypy in young children with autism and typically developing children. Res Dev Disabil. 2007;28(3):266-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2006. 01. 004. Go to original source...
    16. Maltête D. Adult­‑onset stereotypical motor behaviors. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2016;172(8-9):477-482. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016. 07. 002. Go to original source...
    17. Maraganore DM, Lees AJ, Marsden CD. Complex stereotypies after right putaminal infarction: a case report. Mov Disord. 1991;6(4):358-61. doi: 10.1002/mds.870060418. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Melo C, Ruano L, Jorge J, et al. Prevalence and determinants of motor stereotypies in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta­‑analysis. Autism. 2020;24(3):569-590. doi: 10.1177/1362361319869118. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Miller JM, Singer HS, Bridges DD, et al. Behavioral therapy for treatment of stereotypic movements in nonautistic children. J Child Neurol. 2006;21(2):119-25. doi: 10.1177/08830738060210020701. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Mitchell GD. Persistent behavior pathology in rhesus monkeys following early social isolation. Folia Primatol (Basel). 1968;8(2):132-47. doi: 10.1159/000155140. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Oakley C, Mahone EM, Morris­‑Berry C, et al. Primary complex motor stereotypies in older children and adolescents: clinical features and longitudinal follow­‑up. Pediatr Neurol. 2015;52(4):398-403. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014. 11. 002. Go to original source...
    22. Pandey S, Sarma N. Stereotypy After Acute Thalamic Infarct. JAMA Neurol. 2015 Sep;72(9):1068. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0916. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Patel N, Jankovic J, Hallett M. Sensory aspects of movement disorders. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(1):100-12. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70213-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Příhodová I, Koumarová L, Růžička E et al. Motorické stereotypie v dětském věku -kazuistiky. Cesk Slov Neurol N. 2012;75/108(5): 621-625.
    25. Roth J. The colorful spectrum of Tourette syndrome and its medical, surgical and behavioral therapies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018;46 Suppl 1:S75-S79. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017. 08. 004. Go to original source...
    26. Shukla T, Pandey S. Stereotypies in adults: a systematic review. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2020;54(4):294-304. doi: 10.5603/PJNNS.a2020.0058. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Singer HS. Stereotypic movement disorders. Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;100:631-9. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52014-2.00045-8. PMID: 21496612. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Singer HS, Mink JW, Gilbert DL, et al. Movement Disorders in Childhood - 2nd Edition. Academic Press. 2015. ISBN: 9780128205525.
    29. Specht MW, Mahone EM, Kline T, et al. Efficacy of parent­‑delivered behavioral therapy for primary complex motor stereotypies. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017;59(2):168-173. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13164. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Williams K, Brignell A, Randall M, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;20(8):CD004677. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004677.pub3. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    Return to the content


    Neurology for Practice

    Madam, Sir,
    please be aware that the website on which you intend to enter, not the general public because it contains technical information about medicines, including advertisements relating to medicinal products. This information and communication professionals are solely under §2 of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. Is active persons authorized to prescribe or supply (hereinafter expert).
    Take note that if you are not an expert, you run the risk of danger to their health or the health of other persons, if you the obtained information improperly understood or interpreted, and especially advertising which may be part of this site, or whether you used it for self-diagnosis or medical treatment, whether in relation to each other in person or in relation to others.

    I declare:

    1. that I have met the above instruction
    2. I'm an expert within the meaning of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. the regulation of advertising, as amended, and I am aware of the risks that would be a person other than the expert input to these sites exhibited

    No
    Yes

    If your statement is not true, please be aware
    that brings the risk of danger to their health or the health of others.