Neurol. praxi. 2024;25(4):322-326 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2024.035

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or multiple sclerosis?

MUDr. Pavel Potužník, Ph.D.¹, MUDr. Ing. Radek Tupý, Ph.D.², MUDr. Eliška Kopáčová¹, MUDr. Marek Peterka^{1, 3}

Neurologická klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň a Lékařská fakulta v Plzni, Univerzita Karlova

Klinika zobrazovacích metod, Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň a Lékařská fakulta v Plzni, Univerzita Karlova

Neurologická klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Hradec Králové a Lékařská fakulta v Hradci Králové, Univerzita Karlova

Multiple sclerosis is the most common acquired chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The diffferential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis includes acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, which is a monophasic autoimmune demyelinating disease. Clinically, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is manifested by encephalopathy and multifocal involvement. In addition to clinical findings, magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid examination can hepl us to differentiate these two entities. This case report describes a rare variant of tumefactive multiple sclerosis, which was initially presented with epileptic seizure and encephalopathy.

Keywords: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, ofatumumab.

Received: April 25, 2024; Revised: May 6, 2024; Accepted: May 14, 2024; Published: September 10, 2024  Show citation